Search results for "fusion [photon photon]"
showing 10 items of 724 documents
Differential vesicular targeting and time course of synaptic secretion of the mammalian neurotrophins.
2005
Neurotrophins are a family of secreted neuronal survival and plasticity factors comprising NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and NT-4. Whereas synaptic secretion of BDNF has been described, the routes of intracellular targeting and secretion of NGF, NT-3, and NT-4 in neurons are poorly understood.To allow for a direct comparison of intracellular targeting and release properties, all four mammalian neurotrophins were expressed as green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We show that BDNF and NT-3 are targeted more efficiently to dendritic secretory granules of the regulated pathway of secretion (BDNF, in 98% of cells; NT-3, 85%) than NGF (46%) and NT-4 (…
Desmosomes: interconnected calcium-dependent structures of remarkable stability with significant integral membrane protein turnover
2002
Desmosomes are prominent cell adhesion structures that are major stabilizing elements, together with the attached cytoskeletal intermediate filament network, of the cytokeratin type in epithelial tissues. To examine desmosome dynamics in tightly coupled cells and in situations of decreased adhesion, fluorescent desmosomal cadherin desmocollin 2a (Dsc2a) chimeras were stably expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived PLC cells (clone PDc-13) and in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (clone MDc-2) for the continuous monitoring of desmosomes in living cells. The hybrid polypeptides integrated specifically and without disturbance into normal-appearing desmosomes that occurred in associati…
Development of helium coolant DEMO first wall model for SYCOMORE system code based on HCLL concept
2018
Abstract The conceptual design of the demonstration fusion power reactor, known as DEMO, is ongoing and several reactor configurations have to be investigated by exploring different design parameters. For these reasons, within the European framework, systems codes like SYCOMORE (SYstem COde for MOdelling tokamak REactor) have been developed. SYCOMORE includes several specific modules, one of which is aimed to define a suitable design of the helium breeding blanket. The research activity has been devoted to improve the method to define automatically the First Wall design starting from thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanical considerations, using analytical design formulae and, also, taking i…
Initial layout of DEMO buildings and configuration of the main plant systems
2018
Abstract The realization of a Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (DEMO) to follow ITER, with the capability of generating several hundred MW of net electricity and operating with a closed fuel-cycle is viewed by Europe and many of the nations engaged in the construction of ITER as the remaining crucial step towards the exploitation of fusion power. The development of suitable configurations of plant systems inside the tokamak building to allow for the various maintenance operations and to meet the numerous system operating functions and safety requirements is one of the initial priorities. A task to establish an initial layout of the DEMO buildings and the integration of the main plant syst…
Confirmation of the topology of the Wendelstein 7-X magnetic field to better than 1:100,000
2016
Fusion energy research has in the past 40 years focused primarily on the tokamak concept, but recent advances in plasma theory and computational power have led to renewed interest in stellarators. The largest and most sophisticated stellarator in the world, Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), has just started operation, with the aim to show that the earlier weaknesses of this concept have been addressed successfully, and that the intrinsic advantages of the concept persist, also at plasma parameters approaching those of a future fusion power plant. Here we show the first physics results, obtained before plasma operation: that the carefully tailored topology of nested magnetic surfaces needed for good c…
Integration of DEMO hazard piping into the tokamak building
2021
Abstract Because of the complexity of the design of a Fusion Power Plant like the EU DEMOnstration power plant the study of the plant layout must proceed in parallel with the design of the major systems. This is necessary to ensure that the design of the plant incorporates from the very beginning sound considerations on: • Safety and licensing, • Personnel security in context with operation and maintenance, • Adequate plant availability, and • Safe performance operation including delivery of few hundred MW net electric power to the electrical grid. Though it is a process of trial and change that follows the design evolution, this approach allows a better and continuous control of the numero…
Modelling of combined ICRF and NBI heating in JET hybrid plasmas
2017
During the 2015-2016 JET campaigns many efforts have been devoted to the exploration of high performance plasma scenarios envisaged for ITER operation. In this paper we model the combined ICRF+NBI heating in selected key hybrid discharges using PION. The antenna frequency was tuned to match the cyclotron frequency of minority hydrogen (H) at the center of the tokamak coinciding with the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of deuterium. The modelling takes into account the synergy between ICRF and NBI heating through the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of deuterium beam ions which allows us to assess its impact on the neutron rate RNT. We evaluate the influence of H concentration which w…
Elucidating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism from a chemical-structural perspective.
2020
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in several biological processes such as reproduction, immunity and homoeostasis. However, little is known on the chemical-structural and physicochemical features that influence the activity of AhR antagonistic modulators. In the present report, in vitro AhR antagonistic activity evaluations, based on a chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (AhR-CALUX) bioassay, and an extensive literature review were performed with the aim of constructing a structurally diverse database of contaminants and potentially toxic chemicals. Subsequently, QSAR models based on Linear Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression, as well as two tox…
TheSCH9 protein kinase mRNA contains a long 5′ leader with a small open reading frame
1993
The SCH9 yeast gene, that was previously identified as a suppressor of cdc25 and ras1- ras2-ts temperature-sensitive mutants, encodes a putative protein kinase that positively regulates the progression of yeast cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We have determined the structure of the SCH9 transcription unit, using primer extension and S1 mapping techniques. The corresponding mRNA included an unusually long 5' region of more than 600 nucleotides preceding the major open reading frame (ORF). While the latter corresponded to a protein of 824 amino acids, an upstream open reading frame (uORF) within the 5' leader could potentially encode a 54 amino acid peptide. To investigate the r…
Transcriptional Activity and Nuclear Localization of Cabut, the Drosophila Ortholog of Vertebrate TGF-β-Inducible Early-Response Gene (TIEG) Proteins
2011
Background Cabut (Cbt) is a C2H2-class zinc finger transcription factor involved in embryonic dorsal closure, epithelial regeneration and other developmental processes in Drosophila melanogaster. Cbt orthologs have been identified in other Drosophila species and insects as well as in vertebrates. Indeed, Cbt is the Drosophila ortholog of the group of vertebrate proteins encoded by the TGF-s-inducible early-response genes (TIEGs), which belong to Sp1-like/Kruppel-like family of transcription factors. Several functional domains involved in transcriptional control and subcellular localization have been identified in the vertebrate TIEGs. However, little is known of whether these domains and fu…